I'm going to start an argument now and say they're a complete waste of time and probably do more harm than good for your turbo.
Modern turbos are water cooled as well, not just oil cooled, and the temperature of the turbo will not change by that much even after a 10 minute 'cool down'. Even after switch off, water still circulates and cools ( same principle as a central heating system ). Why would you want to keep running the engine and blowing hot gas through the turbo while your trying to cool it down ? You'd have to run the car for at least 30 mins for it to really make a difference.
The reason they are bad is because 99% of them allow the engine to idle. At idle, the oil pressure is too low and circulates too slowly to be of any use cooling the turbo and is more likely to carbonise. The turbo will cool quicker if you just switch it off as soon as the engine ( and turbo ) falls to idle speed . If you've had a really hard run, keeps the revs at 2500 rpm for a minute or two to keep oil circulating.
I believe turbo timers are a complete waste of money and are only possibly worthwhile on older cars with non water cooled turbos
I have never, ever heard of someone damage a turbo from switching the engine off too soon.
Go on, I know I'm going to receive at least one serious death threat from the usual plums for that one